Experimental studies refer to research that involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable. This type of research is conducted in a controlled environment, where researchers can carefully design and manipulate conditions to compare different groups or conditions. Experimental studies are often used in psychology, biology, and other scientific disciplines to establish causal relationships between variables. By randomly assigning participants to different conditions and manipulating variables, researchers can determine whether a particular intervention, treatment, or variable has a significant impact on the outcome of interest. Overall, experimental studies are considered one of the most rigorous and reliable forms of research because they allow researchers to control for confounding variables and establish cause-and-effect relationships.